The info below is from the USGS:
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SAMPLE COLLECTION 7.0.2 AND STORAGE
Samples can degrade significantly during extended storage. To minimize sample degradation, and thus avoid negative bias in the measurement of BOD5, analyze samples promptly or store chilled without freezing (maintain a temperature from 1 to 4°C). Chilling the sample is not necessary if the analysis begins within 2 hours of collection (American Public Health Association and others, 1995).
If a sample is refrigerated prior to analysis, allow the sample to warm to 20°C before starting the test. A sample may be removed from an ice chest or refrigerator during transit to allow it to warm to 20°C before analysis begins.
It is optimum to start the BOD5 analysis immediately after sample collection to minimize changes in bacterial
concentration.
The maximum holding time of a sample to be analyzed for BOD is 24 hours
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