Horizontal/Subsurface Infrastructure & Transportation

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  • 1.  Gravity Sewer Renewal & Replacement Programs

    Posted 03-13-2026 11:55 AM

    Hi everyone,

    I'm looking to compare gravity sewer renewal and replacement practices across different utilities, and I'd really appreciate any insights from your programs.

    A few specific questions:

    • What ratio of renewal vs. full replacement do you typically see in your program?

    • How much of your gravity system has undergone condition assessment (e.g., % inspected per year or total inspected to date)?

    • Do you more often perform full manhole‑to‑manhole replacement, or do you rely heavily on trenchless methods such as spot lining, point repairs, manhole‑to‑manhole lining, or pipe bursting?

    • What defect thresholds or decision criteria push you from trenchless rehabilitation to full replacement?

    • How often do you upsize structurally deficient segments, and what typically drives that decision?

    Thanks in advance for any feedback-large or small. It's all helpful.  I'm cross-posting this on a few forums as well.  



    ------------------------------
    Michael Tran P.E., M.ASCE
    San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
    San Francisco CA
    (415)695-7372
    ------------------------------


  • 2.  RE: Gravity Sewer Renewal & Replacement Programs

    Posted 03-16-2026 05:24 PM

    Michael,

    In my experience working for a utility where keeping customer rates low was a major priority, our program focused heavily on extending the life of existing assets, most of which had never been rehabilitated since they were constructed in the 1960s. Much of the system had been "out of sight, out of mind" for decades, so building a baseline understanding of condition was an ongoing effort and challenge.

    CCTV coverage was limited by the capacity of overworked field crews, so proactive assessment was hard to maintain. I'd estimate that only about 50% of the gravity system had undergone condition assessment during my time there.

    Typical work practices included:

    • Routine CCTV and hydrojetting of critical mains
    • Simpler spot repairs, performed trenchlessly by in‑house crews when feasible
    • Major repairs and Manhole‑to‑manhole CIPP lining as the primary rehabilitation method by third party crews
    • Full structural CIPP products to maximize longevity at a fraction of the cost of replacement

    Full replacement was treated as a last resort and pursued only in situations where:

    • The consequences of failure were high (e.g., proximity to a creek or lake), or
    • There were major defects that were not correctable with trenchless methods (e.g., significant bellies)

    Our system consisted mainly of 6‑inch to 12‑inch gravity mains.
    Upsizing was rarely considered, largely because future growth in the jurisdiction was effectively capped by strict building restrictions.

    Michael Lefrancois, PE

    Lefrancois Engineering

    288 Village Blvd, Unit 5

    Incline Village, NV 89451

    O - 775-413-5055

    Licensed CA/NV

    Civil Engineering, Permitting, Land Planning

    www.l-eng.com



    ------------------------------
    Michael Lefrancois P.E., M.ASCE
    President
    Incline Village NV
    ------------------------------



  • 3.  RE: Gravity Sewer Renewal & Replacement Programs

    Posted 03-19-2026 11:36 AM

    Hi Michael,

    Thanks for sharing your experience. I'm curious whether there was a specific defect threshold that shifted your asset from a spot repair or localized fix to a full MH‑to‑MH liner. Are you incorporating any newer assessment technologies-such as MSI, drones, or robotic platforms-in addition to standard crawler CCTV? I'd also be interested in how you determine the appropriate time to intervene once a defect is identified.

    Appreciate your insights.

    Best, Michael



    ------------------------------
    Michael Tran P.E., M.ASCE
    San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
    San Francisco CA
    (415)695-7372
    ------------------------------



  • 4.  RE: Gravity Sewer Renewal & Replacement Programs

    Posted 03-20-2026 11:16 AM

    Michael.

    Happy to chime in on some of your questions:

    I'm curious whether there was a specific defect threshold that shifted your asset from a spot repair or localized fix to a full MH‑to‑MH liner.  MUCH IS DRIVEN BY BUDGET, AGE AND OUR DIRECTOR'S APROACH TO ASSET MANAGEMENT.  THERE IS NO ONE CORRECT APPRAOCH. IN OUR CASE SPOT REPAIRS ARE GENERALLY  CONSTRUCTED WHEN DAMAGE IS  UNANTICIPATED AND QUICK FIXES TO RESTORE THE INTEGRITY OF THE PIPELINE SEGMENT.  LINING, MAY FOLLOW (OFTEN A SEPARATE CREW OR CONTRACTOR) AND POTENTIALLY AS PART OF A DIFFERENT ASSET MANAGEMENT SCHEDULE.

    Are you incorporating any newer assessment technologies-such as MSI, drones, or robotic platforms-in addition to standard crawler CCTV? LOCAL CREWS TEND TO HAVE LIMITED ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGIES. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES ARE CONSIDERED AND GENERALLLY USED IN ONE-OFF PROJECTS OR WHEN SPECIALITS GET INVOLVED. 

    I'd also be interested in how you determine the appropriate time to intervene once a defect is identified. THIS IS MUCH DRIVEN BY THE CONCEQUENSE OF FAILURE. I ONCE FOUND A PRESSURE MAIN DISCHARGING INTO A STORMWATER MANHOLE AND STRAIGHT TO A LAKE. THIS REQUIRED IMMEDIATE ACTION.  A SHEAR BREAK THAT HAS NOT YET COLLAPSED A ROAD MAY GIVE YOU WEEKS OR MORE TO MONITOR.  OTHER MINOR DEFECTS MAY GO UN ADDRESSED AND BE MONITIRED UNTIL THE NEXT BUDGET CYCLE COMES AROUND TO DEVELOP A PROPER PROJECT.



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    Michael Lefrancois P.E., M.ASCE
    President
    Incline Village NV
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  • 5.  RE: Gravity Sewer Renewal & Replacement Programs

    Posted 03-17-2026 10:27 AM

    I may answer the question with a current example which I'm busy with. For a STP renewal of system we are using the same old sewerage tank , inlet pipes are connected to the new system. By the by we must be always aware about the slope for any gravity flow system. New tanks are built and old huge tank is relined and convert it to specific purpose of STP 25 m³ capacity. A plant room is raised. Dry bed is prepared. Levels are maintained as earlier ones .

    PE. Alex Thomas MASCE FIE 



    ------------------------------
    Alex Thomas R.Eng, C.Eng, M.ASCE
    Senior Site Engineer
    Geo Structurals Pvt Ltd
    ErnakulamAlexThomasR.Eng, C.Eng, M.ASCEIndia
    ------------------------------



  • 6.  RE: Gravity Sewer Renewal & Replacement Programs

    Posted 03-20-2026 11:16 AM

    Thank you!



    ------------------------------
    Michael Tran P.E., M.ASCE
    San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
    San Francisco CA
    (415)695-7372
    ------------------------------



  • 7.  RE: Gravity Sewer Renewal & Replacement Programs

    Posted 03-23-2026 11:25 AM

    As another example in renewal of water supply system of my residence. There's an old piping system of direct line of water authority government. Keep it undisturbed, a water tank is installed with adequate head, the pipe from pump is connected to water tank, from old line is given to kitchen with a Valve. Pumping water to old line system to bath rooms and kitchen with valve. Water authority government is connected to kitchen only and a single tap is given out side . 

    Thence the system is installed with minimal expenses. Pump to water tank from water tank to kitchen line is established cost is minimum. Old UG tank is there from govt line , pumping water to oh tank from there is water to kitchen and old line is charged. Regulating valves are provided. 

    FCEng Alex Thomas MASCE FIE 



    ------------------------------
    Alex Thomas R.Eng, C.Eng, M.ASCE
    Senior Site Engineer
    Geo Structurals Pvt Ltd
    ErnakulamAlexThomasR.Eng, C.Eng, M.ASCEIndia
    ------------------------------



  • 8.  RE: Gravity Sewer Renewal & Replacement Programs

    Posted 03-18-2026 06:11 PM

    Hello Michael,

    I'm currently working for a utility that serves a population of ~30k. I'm fairly new to the industry but here are our general methods:

    Q: What ratio of renewal vs. full replacement do you typically see in your program?

    A: I would say we largely prefer renewal. The majority of our system is ca 1960s and newer with mostly clay and pvc where most of the issues can be resolved by a week or two worth of trenchless work. Sometimes we set out on larger projects to relocate a main that is in a bad location (ie highway r/w or backlot) when we feel it is a better long-term decision.

    Q: How much of your gravity system has undergone condition assessment (e.g., % inspected per year or total inspected to date)?

    A: We inspect our wastewater basins on a rotation. I don't know how much is inspected per year, but we have a fairly good idea of the condition of certain areas through ongoing maintenance activities.

    Q: Do you more often perform full manhole‑to‑manhole replacement, or do you rely heavily on trenchless methods such as spot lining, point repairs, manhole‑to‑manhole lining, or pipe bursting?

    A: When we do rehab work, we mostly consider trenchless methods since it is less intrusive. We have done a large rehab project in recent years that employed all of the previously mentioned trenchless methods based on a study of our collection system. For general maintenance that our crews perform, we recently started doing point repair work for the smaller issues in the system.

    Q: What defect thresholds or decision criteria push you from trenchless rehabilitation to full replacement?

    A: The biggest decision criteria as previously mentioned is the location of the main. If the main is located in a highway r/w, we will heavily consider moving it to avoid safety issues for both our crews and contractors that have to perform work on the main. It also saves a lot of time that is spent adjusting manhole rims during the routine overlay projects. Other times a main may be moved when it is a part of a long range plan to alter the collection system in some way.

    Q: How often do you upsize structurally deficient segments, and what typically drives that decision?

    A: Not very often. In our last rehab project a few years ago we did upsize some segments based on recommendations from a sewer study that was conducted. The growth of my city is also somewhat limited in this aspect due to zoning restrictions, so this hasn't created the issue of some mains becoming undersized.

    Hope this helps.



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    Will Gander EI, M.ASCE
    Civil Engineer
    Beech Grove AR
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  • 9.  RE: Gravity Sewer Renewal & Replacement Programs

    Posted 03-23-2026 11:25 AM
      |   view attached

    A drawing of the water supply system of the residence, new line pump and over head tank 



    ------------------------------
    Alex Thomas R.Eng, C.Eng, M.ASCE
    Senior Site Engineer
    Geo Structurals Pvt Ltd
    ErnakulamAlexThomasR.Eng, C.Eng, M.ASCEIndia
    ------------------------------