This is a cautionary tale about avoiding the terrible consequences of making assumptions about the unknown and not confirming them as things develop.
In the 70’s a vast array of tubewells were dug in Bangladesh as a part of international humanitarian and development projects. The tubewells were to provide safe potable water, and reduce the terrible (~1M/yr) death toll from contaminated drinking water. They were also to secure a reliable source of irrigation water that would allow additional, dry-season crops to be grown in the impoverished and famine ridden country. The relatively shallow groundwater pumped during the dry season would be replenished during the rainy season. As there were few indications of problems with groundwater quality, this seemed to be a wonderful idea.
It wasn’t.
There is arsenic in the aquifer, and the groundwater poisoned large numbers of people and contaminated vast acreages of farmland in an already desperately poor country. The assumption of good groundwater quality did not hold up, and this was not discovered until the damage was done. The chemistry of how the arsenic went from the soil to the groundwater is still not well understood, and may or may not have been triggered in whole or part by the pumping. Lack of monitoring and data gathering after the implementation of the project likely delayed the discovery of the scale of the problem.
In the mid 80’s, just prior to the larger public realization of the problem, I was in Bangladesh and learned of the tubewell scheme. Water quantity planning was, and is, my area of expertise. From that standpoint, the idea seemed quite good to me. It did not occur to me that others might not have checked out the quality issues. No “red flags” went off. Fortunately for me, I was not involved in the tubewell projects.
When the news of the contamination came out, I realized that, had I been engaged in the tubewell project, I might have (or might not have, since the responsibility would have been clear) made the same mistake. It was a “There but for the grace of God go I” moment.
I have always taken pride in thinking about the larger context of the problems I am trying to solve. I tell my employees, students, and mentees to define a problem two sizes larger than their intuition says is necessary and then to discard whatever is extraneous. Doing so is second nature to me. Except when it isn’t.
The horrible consequences of the tubewells continue to remind me that I have to be on guard for the “when it isn’t” times, and to reconsider any solutions I might propose in the two times larger context before I commit to them. I was fortunate to learn that lesson from something other than my own professional mistakes.
Reference material:
https://www.iwapublishing.com/news/arsenic-contamination-groundwater-bangladesh-environmental-and-social-disaster
https://www.healthandenvironment.org/docs/ToxipediaArsenicPoisoninginBangladeshPageArchive.pdf
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Dan Sheer LM. ASCE
Retired former President HydroLogics Inc.
Columbia Maryland
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Original Message:
Sent: 02-19-2021 03:39 PM
From: Mitchell Winkler
Subject: What's been your number one safety lesson learned or aha moment?
Safety is mission critical to what we do and how we do it? Unfortunately, it sometimes takes a back seat to expediency or cost or lack of awareness or some combination of these factors. What's been your number one safety lesson learned or aha moment during your career? For me, it was the recognition that safety is not a bolt on, nor another improvement initiative, nor another process that has to be followed. Safety has be part of intrinsic part of how you think about tasks, how do your job, and as a leader, your words and actions. Working safety and keeping others safe has to be the cultural norm. For those new to safety or looking for a refresher of how it enters our work check out Optimizing safety through design. This short video touches on jobsite safety, prevention planning by design, use of technology to eliminate hazards, and the all important concept of safety leadership.
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Mitch Winkler P.E., M.ASCE
Houston, TX
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