Integrated Buildings & Structures

IN THIS DICUSSIONS OF THE TOPIC ON-SHORE CONSTRUCTION OF OIL AND GAS PIPELINES ARE IMPORTANT ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURES TRANSPORTATION OF OIL AND GAS TO A PETROLEUM REFINARY COMPLEX FOR FURTHER PROCESSING OF THE PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, DETAILED DESIGNS OF THE INFRASTRUCTRE ARE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION TO ENSURE THE SITE AND CONSTRUCTIONS SERVICES FOR INSTALLATIONS OF PIPELINE INFRASTRUCTURE IS DESIGNED IN SUCH A WAY THAT SAFETY AND HEALTHY OF THE ENVIRONMENT IS BEEN ASSESSED FOR SAFETY AND SECURITY.

------------------------------
Davy Johnson Chigali GIT, S.M.ASCE
manager
Edenvale
------------------------------

Davy- I was surprised to see something  mentioning the Heavy Industrial  market. They also have projects where Civil Engineers can be utilized- certainly in design but even more in construction. Due to the possible dangers in or near operating plants, safety is more stringent and  enforced. I must admit that a Mechanical Engineer can do most of the engineering work, but some of the work involves basic engineering concepts such calculating weights, centers of gravity, deflections as well as using temporary structures.

------------------------------
Jim Worrell] Retired
PE retired, RLS (retired)
Raleigh, NC
jimworrell@...
------------------------------