There are many uncertainties associated with nonlinear modeling of structures including the variability of material strength, record-to-record variability in ground motion, level of damping, actual ductility available in each element, etc. In order to obtain an unbiased prediction of performance...
ASCE 41-17 permits the use of the generalized force-deformation relation for deformation-controlled steel elements depicted in Figure 9-2 using the modeling parameters and acceptance criteria specified in Table 9.7-1 for nonlinear procedures. The yield point, Qy, for flexural action in beams is...